在電鍍中，預(yù)處理的目的是去除工件表面的污垢和雜質(zhì)，使其成為適合電鍍的活性表面。電鍍質(zhì)量差的主要原因是預(yù)處理不好。而且預(yù)處理不好，大部分超聲波清洗設(shè)備沒(méi)有使用。

　　In electroplating, the purpose of pre-treatment is to remove dirt and impurities from the surface of the workpiece, making it an active surface suitable for electroplating. The main reason for poor electroplating quality is poor pre-treatment. Moreover, the pre-treatment is not good, and most ultrasonic cleaning equipment is not in use.

　　電鍍前，應(yīng)根據(jù)工件的實(shí)際情況，采用適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄟM(jìn)行有效清洗。金屬基材一般分為沖壓件和壓鑄件。沖壓件上方的油污為普通沖壓油，由于其密度高，更容易清洗。一般可采用酸洗、電解等方法，而鋅、鋁、銅等壓鑄件由于在壓鑄件中添加了各種元素而更難清洗，此外，在成型、拉延、壓延、切割、拋光過(guò)程中還必須使用各種油，如油、拋光油等。

　　Before electroplating, appropriate methods should be used for effective cleaning based on the actual situation of the workpiece. Metal substrates are generally divided into stamped parts and die castings. The oil stains above the stamped parts are ordinary stamping oil, which is easier to clean due to its high density. Generally, acid washing, electrolysis and other methods can be used, but zinc, aluminum, copper and other die-casting parts are more difficult to clean due to the addition of various elements in the die-casting parts. In addition, various oils such as oil and polishing oil must also be used in the forming, drawing, rolling, cutting, and polishing processes.

　　對(duì)于超聲波清洗機(jī)，油可以很容易地清除。但拋光油分為黃油、白油、綠油等，相比之下，它們很難分開。因此，有必要選擇合適的超聲波清洗設(shè)備和清洗液。

　　For ultrasonic cleaning machines, oil can be easily removed. But polishing oil can be divided into butter, white oil, green oil, etc., making it difficult to separate them. Therefore, it is necessary to choose appropriate ultrasonic cleaning equipment and cleaning solution.

　　超聲波頻率通常在20-100khz之間。對(duì)于普通工件的預(yù)處理，一般采用低頻中功率超聲波清洗設(shè)備，如頻率25-28khz，功率密度1W/cm。

　　The ultrasonic frequency is usually between 20-100kHz. For the pre-treatment of ordinary workpieces, low-frequency medium power ultrasonic cleaning equipment is generally used, such as a frequency of 25-28 kHz and a power density of 1W/cm.

　　由于低頻比高頻容易在介質(zhì)中產(chǎn)生空化，對(duì)于外觀簡(jiǎn)單、不太精密的工件，超聲波清洗機(jī)可以滿足要求。它的特點(diǎn)是噪音大，價(jià)格低。對(duì)于一些高精度工件，一般采用40-68khz高頻大功率超聲波清洗機(jī)。因此，對(duì)于間隙、間隙、深孔、盲孔等外觀復(fù)雜的工件，分級(jí)清洗機(jī)的清洗效果更好。但超聲波清洗的作用只有溶液到達(dá)的地方才能起到清洗作用。也就是說(shuō)，要避免空氣進(jìn)入深孔和盲孔，注意雜質(zhì)落地、浮油和處理清洗不到位的現(xiàn)象。

　　Due to the tendency of low-frequency to produce cavitation in the medium compared to high-frequency, ultrasonic cleaning machines can meet the requirements for workpieces with simple appearance and less precision. Its characteristics are high noise and low price. For some high-precision workpieces, a 40-68kHz high-frequency high-power ultrasonic cleaning machine is generally used. Therefore, for workpieces with complex appearances such as gaps, gaps, deep holes, blind holes, etc., the cleaning effect of the graded cleaning machine is better. But the effect of ultrasonic cleaning can only be achieved at the place where the solution reaches. That is to say, air should be avoided from entering deep and blind holes, and attention should be paid to the phenomenon of impurities falling to the ground, floating oil, and inadequate cleaning.